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Tue, January 31, 2023 | 23:12
National
Korea urged to overhaul pension, tax systems to cope with aging society
한국, 세금 및 연금 시스템 정비 통한 고령화 사회 대비 필요
Posted : 2022-08-18 16:27
Updated : 2022-08-18 16:27
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An elderly man is seen at Tapgol Park in central Seoul in this file photo. Korea Times file이 자료 사진에서 한 노인이 서울 중심 탑골 공원에 앉아 있다.
An elderly man is seen at Tapgol Park in central Seoul in this file photo. Korea Times file
이 자료 사진에서 한 노인이 서울 중심 탑골 공원에 앉아 있다.

Experts also recommend greater integration of highly-educated women into workforce
전문가들, 노동 인구에 고학력 여성 통합 확대 권장


By Kim Bo-eun

Korea faces substantial tasks as the country grapples with one fastest rates of population aging around the globe that is set to make it the world's most aged society in 2045.
한국은 2045년 세계 최고 고령화 사회가 될 만큼 빠른 고령화 속도와 싸우고 있는 상황으로 상당한 과제에 직면해 있다.


Policymakers up until recently focused mainly on encouraging more births, through various monetary incentives and support for childcare. But now the government has begun acknowledging the trend of declining births, and preparations are taking place over how better adapt to the demographic change.
최근까지 정책 입안자들은 다양한 금전적 장려책과 육아 지원을 통한 출산 장려에 중점을 두었다. 그러나 이제 정부는 저출산 추세를 인정하기 시작했으며 인구 변화에 더 잘 대응하기 위한 준비를 진행하고 있다.


The number of people aged 65 and over increased by 4.4 percent on average on an annual basis from 2011 to 2020, according to data from the Korea Economic Research Institute. This rate is 1.7 times that of the OECD average of 2.6 percent.
한국경제연구원에 따르면 2011년부터 2020년까지 65세 이상 인구는 연평균 4.4% 증가했다. 이는OECD 평균 2.6%의 1.7배다.


Korea became an "aged society" in 2017, with those aged 65 or older accounting for more than 14 percent of the population, after becoming an "aging society" in 1999, when more than 7 percent of the population constituted the age group.
한국은 1999년 인구의 7% 이상이 65세 이상으로 구성되던 '고령화 사회'에 진입한 뒤 2017년 해당 연령층이 전체 인구의 14% 이상을 차지하는 '고령 사회'에 진입했다.


The country is nearing the 20-percent threshold that will categorize Korea as a "super-aged society," with projections that the portion of the senior population will reach this mark in 2025. The figure is forecast to reach 37 percent in 2045, which would make Korea the world's oldest population.
한국은 '초고령사회'로 분류되는 20%의 문턱에 가까워지고 있으며, 2025년에는 고령인구 비율이 이 수준에 도달할 것으로 예상된다. 이 수치는 2045년에 37%에 이를 것으로 예상되는데, 이로 인해 한국 인구는 세계에서 가장 고령화될 것이다.


The pace of aging is accelerating as childbirths drop, as people delay or give up on marriage as young people defy traditional norms amid high housing prices and the costs of raising children.
고령화 속도는 출산율이 떨어지고, 높은 집값과 양육비로 인해 청년층이 전통적인 규범을 거부하고 결혼을 미루거나 포기하면서 가속화되고 있다.


The number of new births dropped to a record low in May, data released last month showed. There were a total of 20,007 newborns in May, which marked the lowest figure for the month since Statistics Korea began compiling related data in 1981.
지난달 발표된 데이터에 따르면 5월 신생아 수는 사상 최저 수준으로 떨어졌다. 5월 신생아는 총 2만 7007명으로 통계청이 관련 통계를 집계하기 시작한 1981년 이후 가장 낮은 수치를 기록했다.


Korea's fertility rate — the average number of children a woman is expected to give birth to in her lifetime — came to an all-time low of 0.81 last year. It was the fourth consecutive year that the rate was below 1, since 2018.
여성이 평생 낳을 것으로 예상되는 평균 자녀 수인 한국의 출산율이 지난해 0.81명으로 사상 최저치를 기록했다. 출산율이 2018년 1 아래로 떨어진 후 지난해까지 4번째 이어졌다.


Accordingly, the country's total population fell for the first time in 2021, according to data released last month. The figure came to 51.74 million in November 2021, down by 91,000 or 0.2 percent, from 2020.
이에 따라 지난달 발표된 자료에 따르면 2021년 처음으로 전체 인구가 감소했다. 2021년 11월 인구는 5174만명으로 2020년보다 9만 1000명(0.2%) 줄었다.


A shrinking population means that the country has a smaller workforce and a decline in productivity.
인구 감소는 한국의 노동 인구 축소와 생산성 감소를 의미한다.

KEY WORDS
■ substantial 상당한
■ grapple with ~을 해결하려고 노력하다
■ monetary 통화[화폐]의
■ account for (부분·비율을) 차지하다
■ constitute ~를 구성하다
■ defy 반항하다, 저항하다
■ compile (여러 출처에서 자료를 따와) 편집하다
■ give birth to (아이를) 낳다
■ shrink 줄어들다

기사 원문 보기


Emailywjeon@ktimes.com Article ListMore articles by this reporter
 
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